Sekilas Museum Kereta Api Ambarawa

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Pada 1863 dimulailah pembangunan jalan rel pertama di Indonesia (ketika itu masih disebut Hindia Belanda) antara Semarang dan daerah kerajaan (vorstenlanden) Surakarta dan Yogyakarta, melalui Kedungjati dan Gundih. Yang membangun adalah Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorwegmaatschappij (NIS) yang mendapat konsesi dari pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Salah satu syarat konsesi adalah dibangunnya lintasan cabang ke Ambarawa yang ketika itu adalah salah satu pusat militer kolonial. Pada 1873 seluruh jaringan itu selesai dibangun, Lebar sepur (gauge) yang dipilih adalah 1435 mm, seperti halnya di Eropa.


Antara 1898 dan 1907 dibangun lintasan Ambarawa-Secang-Magelang-Yogya dan lintasan cabang Secang-Parakan dengan lebar sepur 1067 mm yang lebih sesuai untuk lintasan yang melalui perbukitan. Bahkan karena curamnya medan yang harus dilalui antara Jambu-Bedono-Gemawang sepanjang hampir 6,5 kilometer diperlukan rel bergerigi.




Stasiun Ambarawa (Willem I) yang ada sekarang adalah bangunan kedua yang dibangun 1907, menggantikan bangunan lama yang terbuat dari kayu. Stasiun ini adalah stasiun pulau, sisi selatannya dulu adalah untuk kereta api sepur lebar (1435 mm)[1] jurusan Kedungjati, sedang sisi utara untuk kereta api sepur sempit (1067 mm) jurusan Magelang dan Yogya. Pada pertengahan 1970an Stasiun Ambarawa tidak lagi dilalui kereta api reguler, dan dijadikan museum kereta api, sedang lintasan Ambarawa-Bedono menjadi jalur wisata yang disebut “Railway Mountain Tour”.


Stasiun Willem I (Ambarawa), 1905

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Railway Mountain Tour (Foto: Rob Dickinson)


Koleksi Museum Kereta Api Ambarawa selain 24 lokomotif non-aktif dan peralatan-peralatan perkeretaapian, juga 4 lokomotif yang masih aktif. Dua diantara lokomotif aktif itu adalah “penghuni asli” Ambarawa, yaitu B2502 dan B2503 yang memang dirancang khusus untuk melayani lintasan Ambarawa-Secang. Kini kedua lokomotif itu menarik “Railway Mountain Tour”. Lokomotif aktif lainnya adalah lokomotif E1060 yang dulu melayani jalur bergerigi Sawahlunto-Teluk Bayur dan C1218 dari Cepu yang berhasil diaktifkan kembali dan rencananya akan melayani lintasan Ambarawa-Tuntang.

PT Kereta Api Daerah Operasi IV Semarang sedang menyusun rencana pengembangan Museum Kereta Api Ambarawa agar benar-benar bisa menjalankan fungsi konservasi, penelitian, pendidikan dan rekreasi.


[1] Di masa pendudukan Jepang semua lintasan sepur lebar diubah menjadi 1067 mm.

Informasi tambahan: http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/ambarawa/museum.htm






Comments

Prince said…
Kalau boleh tanya, dapatkah disebutkan distribusi jumlah lokomotif dari masing-masing pabrikan yang berada di museum tersebut?

Saat ini C1218 melayani wisata uap "Sepur Kluthuk Jaladara" jurusan Jebres - Purwosari yang mana lokomotif uap tsb adalah salah satu lokomotif dari pabrikan Hartmann-Chemnitz.

CMIIW.
21 May 2010 at 15:52
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